{"id":3124,"date":"2021-06-18T12:59:35","date_gmt":"2021-06-18T04:59:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/?p=3124"},"modified":"2022-10-31T09:35:36","modified_gmt":"2022-10-31T01:35:36","slug":"tort-duty-of-care-negligence-train-collision","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/my\/tort-duty-of-care-negligence-train-collision\/","title":{"rendered":"TORT \u2013 DUTY OF CARE \u2013 NEGLIGENCE \u2013 TRAIN COLLISION"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Light Rail Transit (LRT) mishap that occurred recently has resulted in 166 passengers with light injuries and 47 severely wounded. The collision took place when a train full of passengers was running against another train that was empty that was being taken for repair. <\/strong><\/p>\n

According to the preliminary findings, the catastrophe is caused by human error. The incident is being investigated under Section 201 Land Public Transport Act 2010 for wilful act or omission endangering passengers. Alternatively, the possible avenue available to the victim is by suing the rail company for its negligence. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Q: What do I sue under the tort of negligence?
\n<\/strong>The three elements required to establish tort of negligence are :-<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. duty of care owed to the victims;<\/li>\n
  2. the rail company has breached such a duty; and<\/li>\n
  3. the said breach has resulted\/caused the victims to suffer harm.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Q: Is the duty of care owed by the rail company\/train operator?
    \n<\/strong>A duty of care is the legal responsibility to avoid any conduct or omissions that could reasonably be foreseen cause harm to others. The LRT is a public transportation and it is reasonably foreseeable that all its passengers will be closely affected. The train operator\/rail company hence owes a duty of care to the victims and\/or passengers to ensure their safety.<\/p>\n

    Q: Is the duty of care breached?
    \n<\/strong>The said duty is breached when the actions\/omissions fall below the minimum standard of care of a reasonable man.
    \nIn light of the train mishap, the rail company\/train operator should have warrant proper scheduling of running trains in preventing miscommunications and crash. Therefore, the failure to do so amounts to a breach of the said duty.<\/p>\n

    Q: Has the breach actually caused the victims to suffer the harm?
    \n<\/strong>The court will apply \u2018but-for\u2019 test to determine the causation i.e., but-for the failure of the rail company\/train operator to safeguard the trains from collision, the victims would not have suffered.<\/p>\n

    The LRT company, Prasarana Malaysia Bhd said that all the victims would receive RM1,000 as compensation and issued a public apology. For victims who have suffered severe injuries, their medical bills would be borne by Prasarana until full recovery. <\/strong><\/p>\n

    However, many have expressed their dissatisfactions pertaining to the amount of compensation. <\/strong><\/p>\n

    Q: What are the laws governing compensation?
    \n<\/strong>The types of recoverable damages are :-<\/p>\n

      \n
    • General Damages<\/li>\n
    • Special Damages<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      General Damages are awarded to compensate the direct effect of accidents<\/u>, i.e., linked to the collision. For example, physical pain and suffering, injuries, mental injuries and mobility restrictions.<\/p>\n

      Special Damages are awarded to compensate the out-of-pocket expenses victims incurred<\/u> as a result of the breach. They include medical expenses, loss of income, replacement of damaged property, transportation costs and loss of earning capacity.<\/p>\n

      Q: How do the court assess damages?
      \n<\/strong>A party seeking recovery of damages such as loss of earnings must provide adequate proof. The compensation must be fair. For personal injury, the court will take into account factors such as whether the victim is the sole breadwinner, disablement, reduction of earning. It must be borne in mind that damages serve as a compensation, not a reward.<\/p>\n

      The table below is the compendium guideline<\/u> used by judges and lawyers to estimate the range of quantum and damages.<\/p>\n

      Example of Injuries and Compensation<\/u><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Injuries<\/td>\nHigh \u2013 Low<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Orthopaedic Injuries<\/u>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Skull Injuries<\/p>\n

      \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Broken Teeth<\/p>\n

      \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Arm Fracture<\/p>\n

      \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Arm Amputation<\/p>\n

      \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hip Dislocation<\/p>\n

      \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Leg Amputation<\/p>\n

      \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spinal Injury<\/td>\n

      		(RM)<\/p>\n

      12,000 \u2013 30,000<\/p>\n

      2,500 \u2013 36,000<\/p>\n

      4,000 \u2013 30,000<\/p>\n

      9,500 \u2013 55,000<\/p>\n

      15,000 \u2013 40,000<\/p>\n

      7,000 \u2013 310,000<\/p>\n

      3,000 \u2013 420,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      Internal Injuries<\/u><\/p>\n

      \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Brain Injury & Impairment<\/p>\n

      \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Paralysis<\/p>\n

      \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Blindness<\/p>\n

      \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Organs Rupture<\/td>\n

      		(RM)<\/p>\n

      6,000 \u2013 180,000<\/p>\n

      48,000 \u2013 420,000<\/p>\n

      24,000 \u2013 220,000<\/p>\n

      12,000 \u2013 24,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      External Injuries<\/u><\/p>\n

      \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Extensive Scarring<\/p>\n

      \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Skin Grafting<\/td>\n

      		(RM)<\/p>\n

      6,000 \u2013 36,500<\/p>\n

      12,000 \u2013 30,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      Miscellaneous Conditions<\/u><\/p>\n

      \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 PTSD, Depression<\/p>\n

      \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tissue Injury<\/p>\n

      \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Burn Injury 30% \u2013 90%<\/td>\n

      		(RM)<\/p>\n

      5,000 \u2013 12,000<\/p>\n

      3,000 \u2013 5,000<\/p>\n

      3,000 \u2013 200,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      The Light Rail Transit (LRT) mishap that occurred recently has raised many questions. Among them is what are the duty of care of public bodies in such circumstances.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":3132,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1578,1561],"tags":[2064,2061,2063,2062],"yoast_head":"\nTORT \u2013 DUTY OF CARE \u2013 NEGLIGENCE \u2013 TRAIN COLLISION | Yew Huoi, How & Associates | Leading Malaysia Law Firm<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Light Rail Transit (LRT) mishap that occurred recently has raised many questions. 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