{"id":2853,"date":"2021-07-12T11:56:04","date_gmt":"2021-07-12T03:56:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/?p=2853"},"modified":"2024-09-09T09:11:39","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T01:11:39","slug":"tort-defamation-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/zh\/tort-defamation-2\/","title":{"rendered":"TORT \u2013 DEFAMATION"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em>What is Defamation?<br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong>When there is a publication of a statement that lowers the reputation of another person.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>How many types of defamation and what are they?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Two<br \/>\n<\/strong>&#8211; Libel<br \/>\n&#8211; Slander<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>What is Libel? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Defamatory statement in a permanent form.<\/li>\n<li>E.g. e-mail, articles, Facebook posts, WhatsApp messages.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>What is Slander?<br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong>Defamatory statement in a temporary form.<br \/>\n<em>E.g. spoken words.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Methods of interpreting the words in an allegedly defamatory statement?<br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong>&#8211; By their natural and ordinary meaning<br \/>\n&#8211; By innuendo<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>What is Innuendo?<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2860 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Below-innuendo-300x236.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Below-innuendo-300x236.png 300w, https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Below-innuendo.png 371w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ordinary words would have a special meaning to those with special background.<br \/>\nE.g. \u201cMr. A is enjoying his honeymoon with Mrs. X, who he married two weeks ago\u201d may not appear to be defamatory in its ordinary meaning. However, if Mr. A is in fact married to someone other than Mrs. X, then the statement about Mr. A could be defamatory by way of innuendo to those who know the true story about Mr. A.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Elements of Defamation<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The words are defamatory; and<\/li>\n<li>The words refer to the plaintiff, and<\/li>\n<li>That the words have been published.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><em>What are the Defences for Defamation?<br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><u>Justification<br \/>\n<\/u>This defence can be raised if the defendant can prove that the published statement was actually true.<\/li>\n<li><u>Unintentional Defamation<br \/>\n<\/u>The Defendant unintentionally or innocently publishes defamatory material of another person.<br \/>\n<em>E.g. A reporter writes what is alleged to be defamatory article in a magazine.<\/p>\n<p><\/em><em><\/em><\/li>\n<li><u>Fair Comment<br \/>\n<\/u>The statement made is an honest expression of an opinion about a matter of public interest.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><em>Factors that Taken into Account by Court in Assessing Damages <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The seriousness of the libel<\/li>\n<li>The defendant\u2019s behaviour from the time of the libel to the time judgment is given<\/li>\n<li>Any malice on the part of the Defendant<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Things you should know about Defamation<\/p>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":2860,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1561],"tags":[1665,1562],"class_list":["post-2853","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tort","tag-defamation","tag-tort"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2853"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2853"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2853\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3187,"href":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2853\/revisions\/3187"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2860"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2853"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2853"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2853"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}