{"id":2868,"date":"2021-02-04T17:01:51","date_gmt":"2021-02-04T09:01:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/?p=2868"},"modified":"2024-09-09T09:11:41","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T01:11:41","slug":"tort-defamation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/zh\/tort-defamation\/","title":{"rendered":"TORT &#8211; DEFAMATION"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>What is Defamation?<\/strong><br \/>\nWhen there is a publication of a statement that lowers the reputation of another person.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How many types of defamation and what are they?<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Two<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Libel<\/li>\n<li>Slander<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>What is Libel? <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Defamatory statement in a permanent form.<\/li>\n<li>E.g. e-mail, articles, Facebook posts, WhatsApps messages.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>What is Slander?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Defamatory statement in a temporary form.<\/li>\n<li>E.g. spoken words.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Methods of interpreting the words in an allegedly defamatory statement?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>By their natural and ordinary meaning<\/li>\n<li>By innuendo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>What is Innuendo?<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2860 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Below-innuendo-300x236.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Below-innuendo-300x236.png 300w, https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Below-innuendo.png 371w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ordinary words would have a special meaning to those with special background.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>E.g. \u201cMr. A is enjoying his honeymoon with Mrs. X, who he married two weeks ago\u201d may not appear to be defamatory in its ordinary meaning. However, if Mr. A is in fact married to someone other than Mrs. X, then the statement about Mr. A could be defamatory by way of innuendo to those who know the true story about Mr. A.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Elements of Defamation<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The words are defamatory; and<\/li>\n<li>The words refer to the plaintiff, and<\/li>\n<li>That the words have been published.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>What are the Defences for Defamation?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol type=\"I\">\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Justification<\/span>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>This defence can be raised if the defendant can prove that the published statement was actually true.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Unintentional Defamation<\/span>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>The Defendant unintentionally or innocently publishes defamatory material of another person.<\/li>\n<li>E.g. A reporter writes what is alleged to be defamatory article in a magazine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Fair Comment<\/span>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>The statement made is an honest expression of an opinion about a matter of public interest.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Factors that Taken into Account by Court in Assessing Damages<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>The seriousness of the libel<\/li>\n<li>The defendant\u2019s behaviour from the time of the libel to the time judgment is given<\/li>\n<li>Any malice on the part of the Defendant<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Things you should know about Defamation. In this article we&#8217;ll be talking about Libel, Slander, Innuendo, and elements of defamation.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2872,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1561],"tags":[1665,1683,1682,1684,1562],"class_list":["post-2868","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tort","tag-defamation","tag-fair-comment","tag-innuendo","tag-justification","tag-tort"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2868"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2868"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2868\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2876,"href":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2868\/revisions\/2876"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2872"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2868"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2868"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yhalaw.com.my\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2868"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}