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Admiralty

SHIPPING – ADMIRALTY IN REM – ANCHORED BUT NOT ADRIFT: REDEFINING “SHIP” IN ADMIRALTY JURISDICTION

The Singapore High Court in Vallianz Shipbuilding & Engineering v Owner of the Vessel ‘Eco Spark’ [2025] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 195 clarified the definition of a ‘ship’ under admiralty jurisdiction. Despite conversion into a stationary floating fish farm, the vessel retained its status as a ship due to its inherent navigational capability, significantly broadening the scope of admiralty law.

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Property Law

TORT OF NEGLIGENCE – STRATA MANAGEMENT – HOLDING DEVELOPERS ACCOUNTABLE FOR DEFECTS – A WIN FOR CONDO OWNERS!

The decision in Badan Pengurusan Bersama Subang Parkhomes v Zen Estates Sdn Bhd (Fadhlullah & Associates Consulting Engineers Sdn Bhd) [2025] 7 MLJ 780 emphasizes developers’ clear duty of care toward condominium residents, reinforcing their responsibility to properly rectify defects. It highlights the essential role developers play in ensuring quality and compliance, protecting residents from bearing unnecessary financial burdens arising from poorly completed projects.

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Tort

MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE & VICARIOUS LIABILITY – VACUUM EXTRACTION GONE WRONG: COURT HOLDS HOSPITAL LIABLE FOR CHILDBIRTH INJURY

The Court of Appeal decisively overturned the High Court’s findings, emphasizing the critical importance of accurate medical documentation and proper patient counseling. The hospital was held vicariously liable for its medical officer’s negligence, highlighting a clear judicial stance on protecting patient rights during childbirth procedures.

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Land Law

LAND LAWS – FEDERAL COURT SHIELDS BANKS – NO EXTRA HOMEWORK REQUIRED IN LAND LOANS!

In a landmark ruling, the Federal Court in Malayan Banking Bhd v Mohd Affandi bin Ahmad & Anor [2024] 6 MLJ 220 has reaffirmed that banks are not obligated to investigate past transactions beyond the land register before granting a loan. The case, which involved a dispute over land ownership and mortgage validity, clarified that under the Torrens System, a bank conducting a proper land search can rely on the registered title unless fraud is proven. This decision strengthens protection for lenders, ensuring that financing transactions remain efficient and commercially practical without the burden of additional due diligence on prior dealings.

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Updates

ROAD ACCIDENT – MOTOR INSURANCE CLAIM – FEDERAL COURT TO INSURERS – NO MORE DELAYING THIRD-PARTY PAYOUTS!

The Federal Court in Chen Boon Kwee v Berjaya Sompo Insurance Bhd [2025] 1 MLJ 158 delivered a crucial ruling that prevents insurers from forcing accident victims to file additional lawsuits to claim their rightful compensation. The court reaffirmed that once a third party has obtained a judgment against the insured, the insurer must pay – no extra legal hurdles, no unnecessary delays. This case marks a significant win for accident victims, ensuring they are not unfairly denied compensation due to procedural roadblocks.

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Admiralty

NAVIGATION AND SHIPPING LAW – COLLISION REGULATIONS – COLLISION AT SEA – A WAKE-UP CALL FOR ADHERING TO NAVIGATION RULES

The collision between the FMG Sydney and MSC Apollo highlights the critical importance of adhering to established navigation rules. Deviations, delayed actions, and reliance on radio communications instead of clear, early maneuvers can lead to disastrous outcomes. This case serves as a stark reminder for mariners: follow the rules, act decisively, and prioritize safety above assumptions.

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Admiralty

SHIPPING AND ADMIRALTY IN REM – A SINKING ASSET – COURT ORDERS SALE OF ARRESTED VESSEL TO PRESERVE CLAIM SECURITY

In a landmark admiralty decision, the High Court ordered the pendente lite sale of the arrested vessel Shi Pu 1, emphasizing the principle of preserving claim security over the defendant’s financial incapacity. The court ruled that the vessel, deemed a “wasting asset,” could not remain under arrest indefinitely without proper maintenance or security. This case reinforces the necessity for shipowners to manage arrested assets proactively to prevent significant financial and legal repercussions.

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Company Law

EMPLOYMENT LAW – IS DIRECTOR A DIRECTOR OR EMPLOYEE? UNPACKING DUAL ROLES IN EMPLOYMENT LAW

The Court of Appeal clarified the dual roles of directors as both shareholders and employees, affirming that executive directors can qualify as “workmen” under the Industrial Relations Act 1967. The decision emphasizes that removal as a director does not equate to lawful dismissal as an employee unless due process is followed. This case highlights the importance of distinguishing shareholder rights from employment protections, ensuring companies navigate such disputes with clarity and fairness.

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Recent Legal Updates

EMPLOYMENT – RETRENCHMENT – INDUSTRIAL COURT UPHOLDS GLOBAL RESTRUCTURING: REDUNDANCY VALID DESPITE ONGOING WORK OVERSEAS

In Sin Leong v BT Systems (M) Sdn Bhd [2025] 4 ILJ 221, the Industrial Court upheld the employer’s retrenchment exercise following a global restructuring, ruling that the claimant was lawfully dismissed due to genuine redundancy. Although the claimant’s functions continued in India, the Court held that the abolition of the entire Malaysian team sufficed to establish redundancy. The company’s profitability did not negate the restructuring, and the LIFO principle did not apply since the whole department was closed. The decision reinforces that courts will respect managerial prerogative, provided the retrenchment is bona fide and not tainted by mala fide or victimisation.

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DECREE NISI – ADULTERY AND FRAUD – NOT CONCEAL REMARRIAGE – COLLUSION EVIDENCE

In Kanagasingam a/l Kandiah v Shireen a/p Chelliah Thiruchelvam & Anor [2026] 7 MLJ 494, the High Court set aside spousal maintenance and committal orders after finding that the ex-wife had fraudulently concealed her remarriage, which by law extinguished her entitlement under section 82 of the Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act 1976. The Court held that consent orders obtained through non-disclosure were vitiated by fraud and ordered repayment of RM310,000, together with RM400,000 in aggravated damages and RM300,000 in exemplary damages. The decision underscores that fraud unravels all, even in family proceedings, and that courts will not hesitate to impose punitive consequences for abuse of process.

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FEDERAL COURT SAVES SECTION 233 CMA: ‘OFFENSIVE’ AND ‘ANNOY’ REMAIN CONSTITUTIONAL

In The Government of Malaysia v Heidy Quah Gaik Li [2026] MLJU 384, the Federal Court overturned the Court of Appeal’s ruling that had struck out the words “offensive” and “annoy” from section 233(1)(a) of the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998. The Court held that these terms, when read together with the requirement of intent to annoy, fall within the permissible restrictions on free speech under Article 10(2)(a) of the Federal Constitution. While the impugned words were upheld as constitutional, the respondent’s acquittal was maintained as her Facebook posts criticising immigration detention conditions did not demonstrate the required intent to annoy or harass.

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HIGH COURT ORDERS TIKTOK VIDEO TAKEN DOWN: ADVICE ON SECRET CONVERSION OF MINORS VIOLATES CONSTITUTION

In Karnan a/l Rajanthiran & Ors v Firdaus Wong Wai Hung [2025] 9 MLJ 14, the High Court granted a mandatory interim injunction ordering the immediate removal of a viral TikTok video advising how underaged non-Muslim children could be secretly converted to Islam without their parents’ knowledge. The Court held that the advice prima facie breached Article 12(4) of the Federal Constitution, which provides that a minor’s religion must be determined by their parent or guardian. Given the risk of irreparable harm to constitutional rights, the Court found the case “unusually strong and clear” and concluded that justice and the balance of convenience favoured the urgent removal of the video pending trial.

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MARITIME LAW – CLAUSES 28 AND 29 BARECON 2001 – OWNERS CAN’T PICK ANY PORT: COURT LIMITS ‘CONVENIENCE’ IN VESSEL REPOSSESSION CLAUSE

In Songa Product and Chemical Tankers III AS v Kairos Shipping II LLC [2026] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 100, the Court of Appeal held that a clause allowing owners to repossess a vessel at a location “convenient to them” does not entitle them to demand redelivery at any distant port of their choosing. The Court emphasised that repossession must occur as soon as reasonably practicable, and where the vessel is already at a safe and accessible port, owners cannot require charterers to incur the cost and risk of sailing it across the world. The decision clarifies that charterers, as gratuitous bailees post-termination, are only obliged to preserve the vessel – not to undertake burdensome repositioning for the owners’ convenience.

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MARINE INSURANCE – FRAUD DOESN’T DEFEAT COVER: COURT UPHOLDS MORTGAGEE’S CLAIM UNDER MII POLICY OF MORTGAGEE’S CLAIM

In Oceanus Capital Sarl v Lloyd’s Insurance Co SA (The “Vyssos”) [2026] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 79, the Commercial Court held that a mortgagee was entitled to recover under a Mortgagee’s Interest Insurance (MII) policy despite a forged war risks cover note and a breach of trading warranties by the shipowner. The Court found that the proximate cause of loss was the mine strike, not the forged insurance, and that the mortgagee was not “privy” to the breach, as its consent had been induced by fraud. The decision reinforces that MII policies are designed to protect lenders from owner misconduct and non-recovery under primary insurance, and that fraud will not defeat cover where the mortgagee acted reasonably.

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